1929 Beck Center for the Cultural Arts established as the Guild of the Masques

1929 Lebanese-Syrian Junior Women’s League established to support welfare agencies, scholarships, and overseas children’s organizations

1930 Garden Center of Greater Cleveland (Cleveland Botanical Garden) established; oldest civic garden center in the United States

1930 Fenn College grows out of Young Men’s Christian Association educational programs dating back to the 1880s; later became Cleveland State University

1931 University Hospitals of Cleveland opens at University Circle location

1931 Severance Hall dedicated as the home of the Cleveland Orchestra through the philanthropy of John L. Severance as a memorial to his wife, Elizabeth DeWitt Severance

1932 Club Azteca founded to promote Mexican American culture in Cleveland

1932 Linden Hall reopens as Windsor Hospital through the efforts of Edmond Sihler

1932 Richman Brothers Foundation established by Nathan, Charles, and Henry Richman to support health care and programs for children and the elderly

1933 League for Human Rights founded by Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver and Leon Wiesenfeld to expose the anti-Semitic Nazi regime in Germany and pro-Nazi, anti-Semitic activities of local organizations and prominent Americans; terminated in 1946

1934 Cleveland Hospital Service Association (Blue Cross) established; first multi-hospital program in the United States

1935 Cleveland Women’s Orchestra founded by Hyman Schandler; survived to become the oldest women’s orchestra in the world

1935 Future Outlook League founded by John Holly to obtain jobs for African Americans in central Cleveland neighborhoods

1936 Cleveland Health Education Museum established; first permanent health museum in the United States

1936 Lutheran Home established by the Lutheran Home Association to serve the needs of the elderly

1937 Kulas Foundation established by Elroy and Fynette Kulas to promote music in Cleveland

1937 Ingleside Hospital (later known as Woodruff Hospital) incorporated by Mabel Woodruff to provide care for the mentally ill

1937 Jewish Convalescent Hospital established the Jewish Chronic Relief Society, Bikur Cholim Ladies Aid Society, and the Federation of Jewish Charities

1938 Cleveland Philharmonic Orchestra founded by Alfred Zetzer, Robert Zupnik, and Irving Klein

1938 Windsor Hospital moved to Prospect Avenue and renamed Prospect Sanitarium by Herbert Sihler; closed 1942

1939 Forest City Hospital Association established by African American physicians to raise money for a hospital free of color restrictions

1939 Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Foundation established by Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, Luther Miller, and Kate Miller to fund medical research, public health, public hospitals, and hospital management and administrative education

1939 Jewish Vocational Service founded to provide job training and employment services

1939 Cleveland Rehabilitation Center evolves from the Sunbeam Association to provide services to the disabled

1940 Society for Crippled Children (later Achievement Centers for Children) established in Cleveland

1940 Universal Negro Improvement Association establishes international headquarters in Cleveland; headquarters moved to Liberia in 1949

1941 Leonard C. Hanna Fund established

1941 Jewish Children’s Bureau formed through the merger of the Welfare Association for Jewish Children and Bellefaire

1942 Jennings Hall established by Msgr. Gilbert Jennings to provide a home for the poor elderly

1942 Maternal Health Association affiliates with Planned Parenthood Association of America

1943 Louis D. Beaumont Foundation established; largest foundation in Cleveland for 35 years; terminated in 1977

1943 St. Joseph Home for the Aged established by the Franciscan Sisters of the Blessed Kunegunda; closed in 1966

1945 Cleveland Hearing and Speech Center established through the merger of the Cleveland Association for the Hard of Hearing and the Speech Clinic at Western Reserve University

1945 Family Service Association of Cleveland established to preserve family life; grew out of Associated Charities programs

1945 Cleveland Automobile Club Orphans Outing Fund established to serve the educational, recreational, and health needs of handicapped, emotionally disturbed, poor, and orphaned children